Grants
The following grants have been awarded to Synthasome, totaling over $8.0 million.

A Novel Cell-Hydrogel Technology for the Repair of Fibrillated Articular Cartilage: NIH SBIR Phase I
A Novel Engineered Composite Construct for Articular Cartilage Repair: NIH SBIR Phase II
A Novel Engineered Composite Construct for Articular Cartilage Repair: NIH SBIR Phase I
Human Tissue Engineered Matrix Construct for Repair: NIH SBIR Phase II
Human Tissue Engineered Matrix Construct for Repair: NIH SBIR Phase I
Enhancing in vitro cartilage synthesis for human therapy: NIH SBIR Phase II
Tissue Engineering of the Temporomandibular Joint: NIH RO1
Cartilage-cartilage adhesion by photopolymerization: NIH SBIR Phase II
Cartilage-cartilage adhesion by photopolymerization: NIH SBIR Phase I
Assay System for Cartilage and Bone Regeneration: Army SBIR Phase I

Publications
The following are publications by Synthasome staff and collaborators that are recent and particularly relevant to the technology, projects, and goals of the Company.

Derwin KA, Cosi MJ, Milks RA, Baker A, McCarron JA, Iannotti JP.

Rotator cuff repair augmentation in a canine model with use of a woven poly-l-lactide device. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 91:1159 – 1171, 2009

McCarron JA, Liks R, Iannotti J, Derwin KA. Improved time-zero biomechanical properties using PLLA graft augmentation in a cadaveric rotator cuff model. American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons 2009 Open Meeting, #4, 2009

Derwin KA, Codsi M, Milks R, Baker A, McCarron J, Iannotti J. Rotator cuff repair augmentation in a canine model using a woven PLLA device. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 2009 Annual meeting poster #ORS5, 2009

Kern A, Saed-Nejad F, Sotoudeh M, Ratcliffe A. Functional tissue engineering of a rotator cuff tendon. Transactions of the 55th Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society, #1267, 2009

Derwin KA, Codsi M, Milks R, Baker A, McCarron J, Iannotti J. Rotator cuff repair augmentation in a canine model using a woven PLLA device. Transactions of the 55th Annual meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society #1268, 2009

Visser LC, Austin JA, Caballero O, Gardner KL, Arnoczky SP. The use of growth factor-rich plasma to enhance tendon cell proliferation on a synthetic polymeric scaffold - an in vitro study. Transactions of the 55th Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society, #1274, 2009

Ratcliffe A. Industrial Approaches in Tissue Engineering. In: Translational Approaches in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine; J Mao, G Vunjak-Novakovic, A Mikos, A Atala (Eds), Artech House, pp463-472, 2008

McCarron JA, Milks R, Iannotti JP, Derwin KA. Device Augmentation Enhances the Mechanical Properties of Human Cadaveric Rotator Cuff Repairs. 54th Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society, Poster No. 1527, 2008

Hunziker E, Spector M, Libera J, Gertzman A, Woo SL, Ratcliffe A, Lysaght M, Coury A, Kaplan D, Vunjak-Novakovic G. Translation from research to applications. Tissue Engineering 12:3341-3364, 2006

Ticker JB, Flatow EL, Pawluk RJ, Soslowsky LJ, Ratcliffe A, Arnoczky SP, Mow VC, Bigliani LU. The inferior glenohumeral ligament: a correlative investigation. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons 15:665-74. 2006

Schwartz HE, Matava MJ, Proch FS, Butler CA, Ratcliffe A, Levy M, Butler DL. The effect of gamma irradiation on anterior cruciate ligament allograft biomechanical and biochemical properties in the caprine model at time zero and at 6 months after surgery. American Journal of Sports Medicine 34:1747-55. 2006

Ratcliffe A. The clinical market for tissue engineered products in orthopaedics. In: Tissue Engineeering in Musculoskeletal Clinical Practice, Sandell LJ, Grodzinsky AJ (eds), Rosemont IL, American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, pp17-24, 2004

Huckle J, Dootson G, Medcalf N, McTaggart S, Wright E, Carter A, Schreiber R, Kirby B, Dunkelman N, Stevenson S, Riley S, Davisson T, Ratcliffe A. Differentiated chondrocytes for cartilage tissue engineering. Novartis Foundation Symposium 249:103-112, 2003

Case ND, Duty AO, Ratcliffe A, Muller R, Guldberg RE. Bone formation on tissue-engineered cartilage constructs in vivo: effects of chondrocyte viability and mechanical loading. Tissue Engineering 9:587-596, 2003

Lee, AA, Graham DA, Karlon WJ, Ratcliffe A. Fluid induced shear stress induces alignment in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells. Journal of Biomedical Engineering 124:37-43, 2002

Sotoudeh M, Li Y-S, Chang C-C, Tsou T-C, Yajima N, Wang Y, Usami S, Lee A, Ratcliffe A, Chien S, Shyy J Y-J. Induction of Apoptosis in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells by Mechanical Stretch. American Journal of Physiology - Heart and Circulation Physiology 282;H1709-1716, 2002

Davisson T, Kunig S, Chen A, Sah R, Ratcliffe A. Static and dynamic compression modulate matrix metabolism in tissue engineered cartilage. Journal of Orthopaedic Research 20:842-848, 2002

Ratcliffe A, Niklason LE. Bioreactors and Bioprocessing for Tissue Engineering. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences; Reparative Medicine: Growing Tissues and Organs Vol 961:210-214, 2002

Niklason LE, Ratcliffe A, Brockbank K, Bruley DF, Wang KA. Bioreactors and Bioprocessing: breakout session summary. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences; Reparative Medicine: Growing Tissues and Organs Vol 961:220-222, 2002

Davisson T, Sah RL, Ratcliffe A. Perfusion increases cell content and matrix synthesis in chondrocyte three-dimensional cultures. Tissue Engineering 8:807-815, 2002

Sherwood JK, Riley SL, Palazzolo R, Brown SC, Monkhouse D, Coates M, Griffith LG, Landeen LK, Ratcliffe A. A three-dimensional osteochondral composite scaffold for articular cartilage repair. Biomaterials 23:4739-4751, 2002

Roberts C, Mansbridge J, Kellar R, Ratcliffe A. Tissue engineering for wound and organ repair: angiogenesis as a mechanism of action. In: Recent Research Developments in Biomaterials pp323-334, 2002

Kern, A., Liu, K., Mansbridge,J.: Modulation of Interferon-Gamma Response by Dermal Fibroblast Extracellular Matrix. Ann NY Acad Sci 961, 364-367 2002

Riley SL, Dutt S, de la Torre R, Chen AC, Sah RL, Ratcliffe A. Formulation of PEG-based Hydrogels Affects Tissue-engineered Cartilage Construct Characteristics. Journal of Materials Science 12:983-990, 2001

Hsu PP, Li S, Li YS, Usami S, Ratcliffe A, Wang X, Chien S. Effects of Flow Patterns on Endothelial Cell Migration into a Zone of Mechanical Denudation. Biochemical Biophysical Research Communications;285:751-759, 2001

Fortier LA, Balkman CE, Sandell LJ, Ratcliffe A, Nixon A. Insulin-like growth factor-1 expression patterns during spontaneous repair of acute articular cartilage injury. Journal of Orthopaedic Research 19:720 – 728, 2001

Kellar RS, Landeen LK, Sheperd BR, Naughton GK, Ratcliffe A, Williams SK. Scaffold-Based, Three-Dimensional Human Fibroblast Culture Provides a Structural Matrix that Supports Angiogenesis in Infarcted Heart Tissue. Circulation 104, 2063 – 2068, 2001

Kern, A., Liu, K., and Mansbridge, J. N.: Modification of Fibroblast g-interferon Responses by Extracellular Matrix. J. Invest. Derm. 117, 112-18 2001

Schreiber R, Ratcliffe A. Tissue engineering of cartilage. In: Methods in Molecular Biology; Eds C Streuli and M Grant, Humana Press, pp301 – 309, 2000

Vertel B, Ratcliffe A. Aggrecan. In ”Proteoglycans: Structure, Biology and Molecular Interactions. Ed Renato V Iozzo, Dekker, NY, pp343 - 377, 2000

Landeen LK, Zeltinger J, Lee AA, Alexander HG, Graham DA, Ratcliffe A, Naughton GK. Tissue engineered vascular grafts. In: Stent Graft Update, Ed J Vossoughi, Chapter 7 pp89 - 111, 2000

Ratcliffe A. Tissue engineering of vascular grafts. Matrix Biology 19:353 - 357, 2000